Ensuring that industrial bearings can perform at their best and extend their service life under different load, speed and frequency conditions involves multiple aspects of optimization design and selection. The performance of bearings at work will be affected by factors such as load type, speed, and operating frequency. Therefore, when selecting and using bearings, they need to be reasonably matched according to specific working conditions.
If the main load is radial load (i.e., perpendicular to the axis), you should choose a bearing type suitable for radial load, such as deep groove ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, angular contact ball bearings, etc. Different types of bearings have different load-bearing capacities, and the size and distribution of the load need to be considered when selecting.
If the bearing needs to bear a large axial load (i.e., force along the axis), you need to choose a bearing with a strong axial load-bearing capacity, such as a thrust ball bearing, a thrust roller bearing, etc.
In actual applications, bearings often bear radial and axial loads at the same time. At this time, bearings with composite load-bearing capacity, such as angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller bearings, are more suitable choices.
Rated load of bearings Bearings are designed with certain rated loads (usually divided into basic rated radial loads and axial loads). Overload operation will aggravate bearing wear and failure. Ensuring that the load does not exceed the rated value of the bearing is the key to ensuring its working efficiency and extending its service life. Especially in the case of large load changes, it is necessary to select bearings with higher load carrying capacity.
Load distribution and installation method Uneven load distribution or incorrect installation method will cause uneven force on the bearing, causing local overload and early damage. Therefore, reasonable installation and load distribution are essential to extend the life of the bearing.
Speed and friction of bearings The speed of the bearing is closely related to its friction coefficient. The higher the speed, the greater the friction and temperature rise of the bearing. High temperature will accelerate the aging of the lubricant, resulting in poor lubrication effect, further increasing friction and wear.
For high-speed applications, such as high-speed motors, fans, precision instruments, etc., it is usually necessary to select low-friction, high-precision bearings, such as super-precision deep groove ball bearings, precision angular contact ball bearings, ceramic bearings, etc. These bearings usually use higher-precision materials and processing technology to reduce friction and temperature rise.
For low-speed applications, conventional rolling bearings such as deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings can meet the needs. The lubrication of bearings is easier to maintain at low speeds, so relatively traditional and durable bearings can be selected.
The effect of speed on bearing life At high speeds, the friction of bearings will cause the temperature to rise, which will affect the effect of lubricants and the life of bearings. Therefore, for high-speed applications, in addition to selecting low-friction bearings, the lubrication method (such as oil-gas lubrication or oil bath lubrication) should be optimized to reduce the generation of friction heat.
Design of rolling elements and raceways In high-speed applications, the design of rolling elements is crucial. For example, using ceramic balls (such as Si3N4 ceramic balls) instead of steel balls can reduce friction and reduce temperature rise. The surface roughness and machining accuracy of the raceway also have an important influence on the performance of the bearing. Fine surface machining can reduce friction and improve the stability and service life of the bearing.
The effect of load frequency on bearing performance Bearings not only need to bear static loads during operation, but also experience frequent changes in dynamic loads. Applications with higher load frequencies (for example, cranes, impact equipment, etc.) place higher requirements on the impact strength and load-bearing capacity of bearings. Long-term exposure to high-frequency vibration and impact may cause fatigue damage to the bearing and reduce its service life.
For working conditions with frequent load changes, bearings with strong impact resistance should be selected, such as tapered roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, etc. The spherical structure can automatically compensate for the deviation of the bearing seat and reduce the uneven load caused by frequent load changes.
The design of the bearing needs to take special consideration of the impact load. For example, in heavy-duty lifting machinery and mining machinery, roller bearings or tapered roller bearings with strong impact resistance are usually selected. These bearings usually have good impact resistance and can effectively withstand the impact under heavy loads.
The impact of vibration on bearing life High-frequency vibration and impact will accelerate the wear inside the bearing, especially when subjected to high-frequency loads, which may cause surface peeling, fatigue cracks and other faults. Therefore, the vibration tolerance of the bearing should be considered in the design. The stiffness and structural stability of the bearing should be sufficient to resist the adverse effects of frequent vibration. When in use, the impact of vibration on the bearing can also be reduced by dynamic balancing or reducing the transmission of shock.
The impact of lubrication on working efficiency and life Good lubrication can significantly reduce the friction and wear of bearings and extend their service life. Especially under high load and high speed conditions, the choice of lubricant is crucial.
Through the above measures, the working efficiency and service life of industrial bearings under different working conditions can be ensured to be optimal.